Rappelling (also known as abseiling) is the controlled descent down a rope from a height using specialized equipment. It may be performed on indoor climbing walls or outdoor artificial/natural surfaces. Rappelling is typically done under direct supervision as a descent technique following a climb or as a standalone skill-building activity.

Supervision

• Constant visual supervision is required at all times.
• A suggested 1:6 ratio of certified instructors to students is recommended due to the complexity and higher potential risk of rappelling.
• Instructors must be certified at a minimum of Indoor Climbing Gym Instructor I, with additional formal training in rappelling/abseiling procedures and safety.

Instructional Considerations

All students must receive formal instruction before rappelling, including:

• Proper use of rappel devices
• Backup systems (e.g., fireman’s belay or autoblock)
• Verbal commands and descent techniques
• Emergency stop procedures
• Students must demonstrate competence on a low-height rappel station before progressing to full-height descents.
• Teachers / instructors must be thoroughly familiar with the facility and equipment setup.
• Students must be given opportunities to choose their level of challenge, ensuring they do not exceed their physical or emotional limits.
• Lead climbing, solo rappelling, or gear setup by students is not permitted.

Equipment / Facilities

• Only climbing-rated ropes and rappel devices (such as ATCs, figure-8s, or Gri Gri in controlled lower situations) are to be used.
• All participants must wear a certified climbing harness and a climbing helmet (UIAA, ASTM, or CE approved).
• Backups or safety systems such as a fireman’s belay (bottom belay) or autoblock / klemheist knots must be used for all student rappels.
• Anchor systems must be inspected before each use and set up by a qualified instructor using proper equalization and redundancy principles.
• A well-maintained descent line, free of edge friction or entanglement hazards, is essential.
• Mats 6 cm (2.5") thick should be placed at the base of the descent area and extend at least 2 m (6 ft) in all directions.